Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) : Challenges Established Family Norms and Beliefs

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is thecreated a disorder to ease teachers and parents'
most common behavioral disorder of childhood. It isanxieties regarding childhood inappropriate behavior
commonly estimates that from 3% to 6% of theby routinely drugging children into proper behavior.
child and adolescent population in the United States isThose who continue to believe that ADHD is a
diagnosed with ADHD. However, a recent reportmedical myth must ignore a mountain of scientific
issued by the American Psychiatric Association (APA)studies and research literatures that documents the
suggest that ADHD may affect as many as 8% toexistence of ADHD as a ligitimate and serious
17% of America's youth. The APA report indicating adisorder. Based on the criteria established by the DSM
greater public health threat than previouslyIV, ADHD accounts for the greatest number of
thought.Children and adolescents with ADHD are at areferrals to child mental health clinic than all other
significantly higher risk for numerous emotional andpsychiatric and behavioral problems of childhood
social problems than those without ADHD, includingadolescent.The continued questioning of the validity
academic and occupational underachievement,of the diagnosis of ADHD has caused uncertainties
violence and criminality, increased suicide andabout its management in the minds of many clinicians
risk-taking behavior. Children with ADHD are also atand the public at large. Inaccurate beliefs about the
risk for depression, interpersonal difficulties, andvalidity of ADHD may hinder the appropriate care of
family disruption (J. Kendall, 2003). Although studiessome patients and cause confusion about the need
have demonstrated that family dysfunction isfor approved treatment. As stated above, critics
common in families with ADHD children. Also, familydescribe ADHD as a means to label difficult children
members may suffer serious psychological effects,who are not ill but whose behavior is the problem.
however, knowledge is noticeable lacking as to howThey further contend that, far from having a
to help these families cope with the daily challengesbiological basis, ADHD results from improper parenting
ADHD.Article of interest Recently I read an articleand poor, ineffective, teaching practices. These
titled, Working with the Family of a Child withattitudes further stigmatize patients and their families,
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Theand increase the burden of this debilitating disease.
authors of this article are: D.J. DeMarle, L. Denk, andThere is overwhelming medical evidence that ADHD
C.S. Ernsthausen. I recommend this particular articlenot only cause specific disabling symptoms that often
for several reasons the most important being that itpersist into adulthood, but many studies shows a
is replete with great ideas; and some very goodbiological connection and a characteristic response to
suggestions that sets the framework for addressingapproved treatment.Rodney Dangerfield, the
family members' relevent concerns about ADHD andwell-known actor/comedian, often said "I get no
make recommendation for effective treatment andrespect." The thought that came to my mind was
support system. Most practitioners understand ADHDADHD gets no respect. That is certainly the
as a medical condition. I don't agree with thatconclusion one might reach after reading so many
assessment. It is true that ADHD has a biological andinsidious statements that ADHD is not an authentic
a physiological component. However, I believe thatand debilitating disorder. Many of us, including this
ADHD is a psychological, behavioral, and medicalauthor, who work with children diagnosed with ADHD
disorder. When we view ADHD as a single entity wehave no illusion about the reality and seriousness of
run the risk of treating part of the symptoms. Forthis disorder.Like many teachers, in todays
example, if we focus on the medical aspect ADHD,educational settings, I come in daily contact with
the medical practitioner is commonly consulted tostudents diagnosed with various disabilities, including
determined if the child meets the criteria for ADHDADHD. Therefore I have a profound sense of
as required by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ofresentment toward those who support the beliefs
Mental Disorder (DSM IV). The evaluating physiciansthat ADHD is not a legitimate illness but nothing more
are also called upon for advice and to prescribethan a label created specifically to absolve parents
treatment for the disorder. However, most physiciansand teachers of their responsibility to manage
with a very active practice cannot devote the timeuncontrollable children. However, I can understand
that is necessary with the family to review thehow the uninformed and those who choose to view
nature and causes of ADHD and the multi-disciplinaryADHD from a distance might easily be led astray. For
approach to treating the disorder. Therefore, there isexample, many of us at some point exhibit some of
an elevated risk that the doctor may inadvertentlythe symptoms common of ADHD. We sometime get
reinforce existing fears and misconceptions aboutdistracted, we have trouble finishing assigned work or
ADHD in the minds of family members.With this incompleting other important tasks. On the other hand,
mind we can understand how crucial thechildren with ADHD are, in most case, less able to
multi-disciplinary team and their experiences workingcare for themselves, less able to behave
with and supporting families throughout theappropriately in social setting; and less able to
interviewing and consulting process. Research showscommunicate on the same level as other children of
that family's reaction may directly influence parentalthe same age.Phantom SymptomsFinal, for unknown
attitudes, the child, and their actions with him or her.reason, symptoms indicating the present of ADHD
It is an accepted fact that parents' attitude ismay temporarily be absent leading others to believe
affected by the information received, compassionatethat the person with ADHD can control the behaviors.
understanding, and the level of attention shown byAlso, a definite diagnosis is difficult because there are
the physician and other professionals sharing theno tests that can consistently detect ADHD. A
news. This article, in my opinion, is a road map thatphysician can only observe behaviors and offer a
can guide families through the process and help theprofessional conclusion weather the child has ADHD.
team to develop strategy to reduce family members'If a child is having trouble concentrating, or may be
anxities.Because ADHD has received mass mediaunwilling to cooperate on the day they see the
attention in recent years many in the general publicdoctor this could lead to an incorrect diagnosis.
have reached an opinion about ADHD that is notTherefore, it is very important that ADHD be
supported by scientific facts. I offer this brief quotediagnosed by health care professionals that specializes
from the article to established a foundation for thein these types of disorders with the help and
unsupported, but wide, belief about ADHD. Thecooperation of parents and teachers.DeMarle D.J.,
authors described the verbal exchange between DonDenk L., Ernsthausen C.S. (2003) Working with the
and Mary Butler (pseudonym) who had just been toldFamily of a Child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
by their pediatrician that their son Tommy had ADHDDisorder. Pediatric Nursing, Vol. 29 (4), 302-308.Dr.
and suggests Ritalin as the appropriate treatment.William Smith is a psychologist and consultant with
Don turns to Mary and said, "See I told you he wasmany years experience working with families and
just a lazy and rotten kid, even the doctor thinks so;individuals, including those who have a child with
that's why he is putting him on medication."ADHDdisability. For additional information, Dr. Smith can be
Real or Imagined? Don is expressing a widely heldcontacted by completing the contact form at: Dr.
belief that ADHD is not a legitimate medical illness. ItSmith will give a FREE initial assessment to any one
has been suffested that many in the medicalwho request such.
community has strayed from the scientific path and