Screening Tests to Detect Down Syndrome During Pregnancy

Rapid urbanization and spread in education in womenways, but most have mild to moderate intellectual
have one hand created a lot of progress in theimpairment. Kids with Down Syndrome can and do
society but in its wake some unwanted conditionslearn, and are capable of developing skills throughout
have also surfaced. The major change has cometheir lives. They simply reach goals at a different
upon the women of society who have progressed inpace - which is why it's important not to compare a
leaps and bounds. This has increased the age forchild with DS against typically developing siblings or
marriage in most of the urban household. Todayeven other children with the condition.
getting married at 30 and having the first child afterPrenatal Screening and Diagnosis
35 is a common phenomenon. Though it has lot ofIt is suggested that if you are above 33 years of
advantages, one major disadvantage that has beenage at the time of your first pregnancy, do get
seen, is to give birth to children with some or otherthese tests done to be free from any type of
physical or mental disability.anxiety...
Although it doesn't happen all the time and toTwo types of prenatal tests are used to detect
everyone yet the risk does increase...Down syndrome in a fetus: screening tests and
The most common abnormality seen in latediagnostic tests. Screening tests estimate the risk
conception is Down Syndrome... it is the mostthat a fetus has Down Syndrome; diagnostic tests
common clinical cause of mental retardation in thecan tell whether the fetus actually has the condition.
world. It occurs once in every 1,500-2,000 birthsScreening tests include:o Nuchal translucency testing.
when the mother's age is below 25; one in every 400This test, performed between 11 and 14 weeks of
births when the mother's age is over 35; once inpregnancy,o The triple screen or quadruple screen
every 40 births when the mother's age is over 45. A(also called the multiple marker tests). These tests
mother with a child with Down syndrome has aare typically offered between 15 and 18 weeks of
one-in-25 chance of recurrence.pregnancy.o Integrated screen. This compares the
Here I'll try to tell a little about the Syndrome and theblood test reports of first and second trimester.o A
tests that are available to detect Down Syndromegenetic ultrasound. A detailed ultrasound is often
during pregnancy only.performed at 18 to 20 weeks in conjunction with the
The term Down syndrome is taken from the nameblood tests, and it checks the fetus for some of the
of the English physician, Dr. John Langdon Down, whophysical traits abnormalities associated with Down
is credited with first describing the condition insyndrome.
1866.The individuals with Down syndrome possessDiagnostic tests include:o Chorionic villus sampling
additional genetic material in their cells, usually an(CVS). The advantage of this test is that it can be
extra chromosomeperformed during the first trimester, between 8 and
Some of the physical characteristics observed in12 weeks. It carries some extra risk of miscarriage.o
persons with Down syndrome include the following:oAmniocentesis. This test, performed between 15 and
The back of the head is often flattened,o The20 weeks of pregnancy, involves the removal of a
eyelids may be slightly slanted,o Small skin folds atsmall amount of amniotic fluid through a needle
the inner corners of the eyes may be present,o Theinserted in the abdomen. The cells can then be
nasal bridge is slightly depressed, and the nose andanalyzed for the presence of chromosomal
ears are usually somewhat smaller.o In the newbornabnormalities. Amniocentesis carries a small risk of
there is often an excess of skin at the back of thecomplications, such as pre-term labor and
neck.o The hands and feet are small and themiscarriage.o Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling
fingerprints are often different from normal children.o(PUBS). Usually performed after 20 weeks, this test
Their muscle strength and tone are usually reduced.ouses a needle to retrieve a small sample of blood
About one-third of children with Down syndromefrom the umbilical cord. It carries risks similar to those
have congenital heart disease.associated with amniocentesis.
Affect of Down Syndrome:o All areas ofAlthough most of the parents after knowing that the
development may be delayed in a child with Downfetus is suffering with Down syndrome go for
syndrome.o Poor muscle tone influences gross andabortion, I feel it's absolutely the parents choice to or
fine motor development but this can be improvednot to go for Medical Termination of Pregnancy.
with physical therapyo language development delaysThough it might cause them a little more effort to
due to muscle problems which can be improved bybring up their differently able child, it may be a real
language/speech therapyo Since mental retardation isjoy for them to see the kid growing up. These kids
very common, higher integrative abilities such as theare any time more lovable and loving. They remain
ability to think abstractly and to form concepts areinnocent all their life and THEY DO GROW UP AS
likely to be affected.ANY NORMAL CHILD MAY BE A LITTLE LATE.
With appropriate training, they can secureSo if you are a proud parent of a child suffering from
employment, often in the competitive job market,Down Syndrome, Please don't take it as a curse but
especially through supported work programs. Downtake it as a blessing from God!!! You do have a child
syndrome affects kids' ability to learn in differentto love and care rather than without a kid.