Exploiting Neuroplasticity in the Treatment of Neuromuscular Scoliosis in Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is an umbrella term which mostplausible mechanism of remediation through the use
commonly refers to subcortical brain damage beforeof a dynamic brace which gives some level of
the age of 2 years old. The most commonsupport, but also challenges the individual to make
presentation involves initial flaccidity followed byattempts to support an upright posture. Compression
spasticity of the muscles of wrist and ankle flexors,braces as well as Elastic tension braces, such as
and shoulder and hip adductors.Spinecor, provide a model for a neuromuscular
Agonistic/antagonistic muscle imbalances result in arehabilitation brace for the use in Cerebral Palsy.
significantly higher prevalence of thoracolumbarFunctional Map Expansion offers another mechanism
scoliosis in CP. Attempts at surgical and non-surgicalof neuroplasticity which can be exploited in treating
management have failed to exploit the opportunitythe causes of neuromuscular scoliosis. Through
to utilized postural therapy as a means towardspassive repetitive activation of ascending pathways,
neurorehabilitaiton. Neuroplastic changes have beenhealthy areas of the brain can expand and replace
reported following courses of sensorimotorareas which have lost function. This is similar to cross
stimulations. Treatment of neuromuscular scoliosismodel adoption which involves the phenomenon of
through the use of assisted corrective movement,competing sensory perceptions, such as the
constraint induced movement therapy,competing senses of vestibular and somatosensory
somatosensory and vestibulospinal activations, mayfunction. Vestibular activation of extensor tone may
successfully remediate neuronal functional lossesserve to replace gravitational activation of flaccid
associated with CP.muscle spindles and golgi tendon organ dysfunction.
Neuroplasticity is considered to be fractionated inActivation of intact brain regions during postural
four categories, Compensatory Masquerade,realignment may provide a portal to exploit
Functional Map Enlargement, Cross ModelHomologous Region Adoption. This may occur in
Reassignment, and Homologous Region Adoption.adjacent or opposing regions of the brain. The
In the case of Compensatory Masquerade, brainconcept of multimodal sensory stimulation during
injured individuals may experience remediation of aattempted postural correction has been utilized in
specific skill through compensatory neuronalneurorehabilitation associated with balance disorders,
reorganization of non-injured brain regions. Changes inand may serve as a model of therapy in the CP
neurological organization are driven by changes inpopulation.
demand, in other words, when treating neuromuscularIn my experience, postural retraining using corrective
scoliosis in CP, if a supportive brace is utilized withoutmovement mobilization, vestibular activation and the
putting additional demands on the musculoskeletalflexible spinecor brace is a promising approach to
system, no remediation could be expected. However,neurological remediation following brain injury in
the concept of Compensatory Masquerade is aconditions of Cerebral Palsy.