Types of and Causes of Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is not a disease it is a condition.neonatal care in recent years, the incidence of
Cerebral refers to the brain and palsy meanscerebral palsy has not decreased.TypesAthetoid
weakness or lack of muscle control. In addition,cerebral palsy affects the ability to control muscles,
cerebral palsy is not a single problem, but a complexleading to involuntary and uncontrolled movements in
disease in which virtually all brain cell types could needthe affected musclesSpastic cerebral palsy is the
repair. Approximately 90 percent of all cases aremost common type of cerebral palsy. Approximately
caused by brain injury during the prenatal period60 percent of all individuals with cerebral palsy have
(before labor begins). This condition is caused byspasticity that is characterized by tense, contracted
damage to brain cells that control the movement ofmuscles. Doctors will often describe which type of
muscles. A person with cerebral palsy can have mildspastic cerebral palsy a patient has, based on which
to severe physical disabilities. There are varyinglimbs are affected.Ataxic cerebral palsy affects the
degrees of therapies depending on the degree ofsense of balance and depth perception. Children who
condition. However, just because a person hassuffer from ataxic cerebral palsy can be described as
cerebral palsy, it does not mean they will have otherbeing very shaky and unsteady.SymptomsChildren
disabilities.with cerebral palsy may develop eating difficulties,
Causes and RisksRecent studies suggest thatbladder and bowel control problems, breathing
cerebral palsy is mostly due to factors affecting theproblems, and learning disabilities. Children with
brain before birth. In about 70 percent of cases,cerebral palsy have limited use of their arms due to
cerebral palsy results from events occurring beforethe dysfunction of their neural motor control and
birth that can disrupt normal development of thestiffness of their joints. Dysarthria is common in
brain. This condition is caused by an injury to thepeople with cerebral palsy, due to problems involving
brain during pregnancy, at birth, or shortly after birth.the muscles that control speech and mastication.
The symptoms are usually not noticeable at birth. ItAlthough Cerebral Palsy is a permanent condition, as
was previously assumed that it was caused by fetala person learns and grows and practices skills, more
distress, such as a lack of oxygen, during the birthcontrol over movement may be
process. However, lack of oxygen at birth has notachieved.TreatmentTreatment of cerebral palsy
been shown to be the major cause. The motorrequires a team of specialists to help maximize and
deficits of babies are usually unrecognizable beforecoordinate movement, minimize discomfort and pain,
4-6 months of age.A preemie's risk of cerebral palsyand prevent long-term complications. Because the
is much higher than that of a full-term baby. Insymptoms of cerebral palsy can cause behavioral and
addition, exposure to herpes group B viruses wasemotional problems, many children benefit from
associated with a two-fold increase in risk.counseling or behavior therapy. It is also not "curable"
Reproductive/urinary tract infections also mayin the accepted sense, although education, therapy,
increase the risk in a preterm delivery. Preemie's areand applied technology can help persons with cerebral
already at risk for cerebral palsy and account forpalsy lead productive lives.The goal of drug therapy is
approximately one-third of the cases. Adequateto reduce the effects and prevent complications.
prenatal care may reduce the risk of the unbornPhysical, speech, and occupational therapy along with
baby.Viral infections, lead poisoning, or head injuriescounseling today are employed to help people lead
that occur early in life can result in acquired cerebralhealthy, productive lives. Most children with cerebral
palsy, a less common condition. Spastic cerebral palsy,palsy benefit from early and regular physical and
the most common type, is a condition in which thereoccupational therapy. In addition, education, therapy,
is too much muscle tone. However, cerebral palsy isand applied technology can help persons with cerebral
NOT a progressive condition, meaning that it doespalsy lead productive lives.ConclusionWith early and
not worsen over time. Cerebral palsy generally is aongoing treatment, the disabilities associated with
long-lasting (chronic) condition.There are roughly 8,000cerebral palsy can be reduced. People living with
infants born with this condition each year and somecerebral palsy are usually able to live independently in
1,200-1,500 preschool age children acquire cerebralthe community, with or without assistance. With
palsy annually. Most children are diagnosed by age 5.support and treatment, though, many people with
Despite significant improvements in obstetric andcerebral palsy can live healthy, happy lives.