| For learning to be effective, practitioners need to | | | | lever was pressed. |
| understand, current thinking on how learning | | | | In the rats' natural behavior, it makes accidental |
| occurs and the various ways in which adults learn. | | | | contact with the |
| Learning can occur through observation and | | | | lever three or four times and food is delivered. After |
| participation opposed to | | | | this the rat |
| teaching through definition and theory, depending on | | | | demonstrates an intentional behavior. This indicates |
| the situation. | | | | learning has |
| How adults learn, is crucial to the whole learning and | | | | occurred.Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow |
| teaching | | | | developed the Humanistic approach in |
| process.This assignment will explore the teaching and | | | | America in the 1960's in a reaction against the two |
| learning process through | | | | other prominent |
| a micro teaching relevant to practice. This will be | | | | psychology approaches. The emphasis is placed upon |
| evaluated through | | | | the individual and |
| personal reflection and linked supported by the | | | | the stimuli, which motivates individuals to perform |
| relevant policies.The teaching process can be defined | | | | certain |
| in many ways. A learning | | | | behaviors. Maslow's hierarchy of needs |
| approach/theory has been developed to cover each | | | | demonstrates this. |
| aspect, all of which | | | | Bruner developed the Cognitive approach, in the late |
| are outlined below.The behaviorist approach is more | | | | 50's and early |
| commonly known as classical and | | | | 60's. Bruner compared the mind to a computer, |
| operant conditioning and is based on a | | | | stating that we too are |
| stimulus-response. Pavlov first | | | | information processors. He studied the internal |
| introduced classical conditioning. He observed the | | | | mental processes |
| behavior of dogs | | | | between the stimuli we receive and the responses |
| and their salivation at the sight of food. Pavlov | | | | we make. Cognition |
| deemed this an | | | | means to know and the cognitive processes refer |
| unconditional response. He developed this further and | | | | to the ways in which |
| sounded a bell | | | | knowledge is gained, used and retained. Cognitive |
| with a meal and discovered the dog would salivate | | | | psychology is the |
| upon hearing the | | | | most dominant approach to psychology |
| bell only. Pavlov called this a conditioned response.E.g. | | | | today.Constructivist learning approach is a follow on |
| Food (US) ------------------------------------------Salivation | | | | to the cognitive |
| (UR) - UNCONDITIONEDTRIAL PAIRING OF FOOD | | | | approach. However the emphasis is placed upon the |
| WITH BELLFood (US) + Bell | | | | individuals self |
| ----------------------------------Salivation (UR)Bell (CS) | | | | awareness and view on their own learning.Bandura |
| -------------------------------------------Salivation (CR) - | | | | introduced the Social learning theory in 1977. The |
| CONDITIONEDHowever, Skinner (1968) introduced | | | | theory |
| operant conditioning. Skinner | | | | states that we don't merely learn through positive |
| experimented with rats. He designed boxes for the | | | | and negative |
| rats, which housed a | | | | reinforcement but through imitation. |
| mechanism that delivered food pellets each time the | | | | |